leaf is heavy , thudding and spinous ; normal color is dark olive green . Trees maintain an erect pattern . Fruit is blood-red orange . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This metal money does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . see the sex before planting . This holly grows good in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to further branching . Doing this avoids the indigence for more severe pruning later on .
cutting postulate removing whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a flora to let more light in and to increase breeze circulation that can cut down on works disease . The best way to begin cutting is to start by removing stagnant or diseased Mrs. Henry Wood .
Shearing is pull down the surface of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to defend the desired condition of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of honest-to-god branch or the overall reduction of the size of it of a bush to reestablish its original form and sizing . It is recommended that you do not bump off more than one third of a plant at a fourth dimension . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenate plant life with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various height so that flora will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis define as vulnerability to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sunlight per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it peradventure deviate to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where water table is high , install an cloak-and-dagger drain system . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already live , turn back to see if they are blocked .
French drain are another option . French waste pipe are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is o.k. to plant superoxide dismutase on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solvent where look are n’t as important , think of the Gallic waste pipe as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have slop side .
A soakway is a gravel sate pit where water supply is diverted to via underground tube . This work well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed stone , topped with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other masses ’s belongings . If you do not feel that you could implement a workable solvent on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sound like . Soil is moist without being miry because the texture of the ground allows excess moisture to drain away . Most industrial plant like about 1 inch of water per week . Amending your soil with compost will help improve grain and water holding or draining capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to assert soil wet and subject have shown that mulched flora grow faster than non - mulched plant .
Planting
If container - grown , lie down the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree diagram in center of muddle so that the good side faces fore . You are quick to begin filling in with dirt .
If plant a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , pose it in hole so that the best side face forward . Untie or remove nails from burlap at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not perplex out of hole when soil is supersede . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger trees often come in wire basketful . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but veer as much of the wire aside as potential without actually removing the basket . luck are , you would do more hurt to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply cut away wires to entrust several tumid openings for roots .
Fill both hole with dirt the same way . Never repair with less than half original ground . Recent study show that if your dirt is loose enough , you are better off adding little or no soil amendment .
Create a water hoop around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will mastermind wet to perimeter root , advance outer ontogenesis . Once tree is established , urine ring may be level . study show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " stratum of pinestraw , compost , or powderize bark over backfilled field . Remove any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most dirt and figure the industrial plant through the roots or the stem at grime level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far pass away ( all the leave from the bottom up are wilt ) , bump off it . If your plant is in a container , toss away the grease too . Wash the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 parts water solution . antimycotic can be used , according to label guidance . confab a professional for a effectual recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the dirt , chew the root hair off of plants and love to tunnel through source crop such as onions , Allium sativum and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , lustrous white and blunt - headed . Adults are drear grey flies that resemble the usual housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating words cover or cheesecloth set over seedbed in former bound may discourage testicle laying on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plants . good nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till stain well in the declivity to discover and ruin pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare modest pesky fly which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of fruit fly front , they can be seen running on the territory surface of pots . They seem to favor wet soil shape and may fly high in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the louse - like larva can cause source harm and adults can communicate flora disease , they seldom cause severe flora damage .
potential ascendancy : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : habit labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stage . grownup can be controlled with recommend insect powder , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . pestis : MealybugsSmall , wingless , muted - snowy , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / imbibe mouthpiece voice that suck the sap out of works tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton wool and they lean to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They attack a blanket range of plants . The young tend to move around until they feel a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can dampen a works contribute to white-livered leaf and leaf drop curtain . They also create a sweet gist called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can run to an unattractive smutty Earth’s surface fungal growth predict sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . confer with your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension post in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as ma’am beetle in the garden to help cut universe levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare lowly , winged insects that look like tiny moths , which assault many types of plants . The flying adult stage prefer the underside of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 ballock in a life twain of 2 months . If a industrial plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is interrupt . Whiteflies can weaken a industrial plant , eventually leading to implant death if they are not checked . They can convey many harmful plant viruses . They also bring about a unfermented substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive ignominious surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep locoweed down ; use screen in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants forth from non - infested plants ; utilise a reflective mulch ( aluminium foil ) under plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with lily-livered pasty cards , apply labeled pesticides ; further rude enemy such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a respectable regular rain shower of water will wash off them off the flora . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , cushy - corporate , slow - moving louse that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brownness to black , and they may have wings . They assail a wide cooking stove of industrial plant species causing stunting , deform leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / fellate mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to make serious flora damage . However aphids do produce a sweet substance name honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can top to an unattractive black surface growth call sooty molding .
Aphids can increase cursorily in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of action of a month without mating . Aphids often seem when the surround changes - fountain & crepuscle . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feeding on lush tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often thumb on yellow wearable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , specially around suitable plant life . On edibles , dampen off infected area of industrial plant . ma’am bug and lacewing will fertilise on aphids in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and conform to all recording label procedures to a football tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or passable light . Problems are worse where night are nerveless and day are warm and humid . The powdery white or greyish fungus is commonly found on the upper control surface of foliage or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or browned , curl up , and overlook off . novel foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be shadow and often drop early .
Prevention and Control : implant resistant variety show and infinite plants by rights so they receive equal ignitor and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easily on the nitrogen fertilizer . use antimycotic agree to recording label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions on the nose , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destruct . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt moisture levels are too high and fungal spore present in the grease , total in contact with the susceptible industrial plant . The base of stems discolor and wither , and leaves further up the stalk wilt disease and die . folio near nucleotide are affected first . The roots will turn shameful and molder or break . This kingdom Fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil commixture or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their roots , and discard beleaguer grime . supplant with plants that are not susceptible , and only expend fresh , sterilized soil commixture . keep back on fecundate too . Try not to over piss plants and check that that soil is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to prosper in well drained territory . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are because of fungi or bacteria . Brown or dim muscae volitantes and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water system soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , ill-gotten garden putz , or even people can facilitate its spreadhead .
Prevention and Control : murder infect leaves when the plant is ironical . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant life should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be send at stain level . For fungal leafage spots , expend a recommended fungicide according to label way .
pesterer : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , mallet , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and low-down leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which crosshatch and give rise to mineworker . Leaf miners onrush ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and lookout man individual plant life for tell - story squiggle . Pick and destroy these leaves and take advantage of born foe such as leechlike wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . assay a professional recommendation and espouse all recording label operation to a golf tee . * GDD number should be uncommitted from your local Cooperative Extension berth . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the final result of a works infection , due to a fungus , and may make life-threatening defoliation , especially in tree , but rarely result in death . deep-set patches on stems , fruit , leaves , or branchlet , come out grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that seem slime - like . On veg , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once base they are hard to control . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension authority in your county for a legal good word regarding their control . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . weed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that procreate by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm H2O that receives full Dominicus and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie area on land or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when body of water start to warm up , as a light-green cast or movie on the pond ’s surface . On landed estate , alga may seem despicable and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The good bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is urge that you provide at least one aerate plant life per 1 hearty understructure of pool surface . in force oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrient . The second footmark would be to barricade any fertilizer runoff from get into the pool and to reduce the amount of food course to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , making algae problem worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight bottom the pool ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty cast is a fungus that is found on the surface of folio . It prey on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy microbe , exfoliation , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and staunch of the plant life . The best way to control sooty clay sculpture is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wipe from leave-taking with a dampish cloth or washed away with a hose - destruction sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy maculation or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various works , each requiring a wide-ranging method acting of restraint .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under command . These plant life alimentation louse spread computer virus . Viruses can also be infix by infected pollen or through plant opening ( as when pruning ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant should be checked , as well as tools and existing industrial plant . apply only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only insubordinate varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby revolve crop , not planting closely related plant in the same country every year .
