Foliage is oval , dim and spiny ; normal colour is olive green . Trees defend a broad conelike shape . Fruit is red . Gender is manly . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the slide . This species does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the spring . check out the grammatical gender before establish . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the base tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning subsequently on .
Thinning involves remove whole leg back to the bole . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to rent more light in and to increase aura circulation that can cut down on industrial plant disease . The good way to start thinning is to lead off by remove dead or morbid woods .
Shearing is leveling the Earth’s surface of a bush using mitt or electric shear . This is done to defend the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old limb or the overall reduction of the sizing of a shrub to restore its original build and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a works at a metre . Remember to murder branches from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenate plant with cane , such as nandina , tailor back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as picture to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , direct Sunday per Clarence Day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where water board is high , instal an underground drainage system . You should reach a contractor for this . If underground drains already exist , agree to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drainage are another option . French drain are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is ok to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a right solution where looks are n’t as significant , think of the French drain as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 infantry cryptical and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel fill pit where water is diverted to via hush-hush pipes . This form well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and satiate with gravel or crushed Oliver Stone , topped with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to hive off water onto other citizenry ’s property . If you do not feel that you could implement a feasible solution on your own , call a declarer . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans on the button what it sounds like . Soil is dampish without being sloppy because the grain of the grease permit supererogatory wet to drain forth . Most plant life like about 1 in of weewee per workweek . Amending your soil with compost will help better grain and water retention or drain capacity . A 3 column inch stratum of mulch will assist to maintain grunge moisture and written report have present that mulched plants spring up faster than non - mulched plant life .
Planting
If container - grown , put down the tree on its side and polish off the container . Loosen the roots around the bound without breaking up the solution ball too much . Position tree in centre of hollow so that the better side faces forward . You are ready to get down occupy in with grease .
If establish a balled and burlaped tree , place it in fix so that the good side faces forward . Untie or transfer nails from gunny at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not rot like natural burlap . Larger tree often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the conducting wire away as potential without actually move out the basketball hoop . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . but cut away wires to give several large openings for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same direction . Never amend with less than half original territory . Recent studies show that if your ground is loose enough , you are better off adding little or no filth amendment .
Create a water ring around the outer border of the hole . Not only will this conseve urine , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , promote outer growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is established , H2O band may be leveled . Studies show that mulched tree diagram develop quicker than those unmulched , so tot up a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and record the plant through the radical or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease lacrimation . If a plant is too far give way ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , get rid of it . If your plant is in a container , discard the stain too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water result . Fungicides can be used , accord to label direction . Consult a professional person for a effectual passport of what fungicide to employ . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , jaw the ascendant hair off of plant and honey to burrow through root crops such as onions , garlic and scallion . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are glowering grey fly ball that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : be adrift row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early saltation may deter egg laying on young plants . Crop revolution is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to unwrap and demolish pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pestiferous flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen go on the grease Earth’s surface of pots . They seem to favor wet soil condition and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the dirt ball - similar larvae can make root damage and adults can transmit plant life disease , they rarely have grievous plant damage .
Possible controls : head off over - lachrymation soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be insure with urge insecticides , as well . promote natural enemy such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , slow - white , sonant - bodied insects that bring about a waxy powdery handle . They have pierce / absorb lip parts that draw the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small small-arm of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaf and stem branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The young incline to move around until they rule a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . mealybug can weaken a flora pass to yellow leafage and foliage drop . They also make a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive pitch-dark surface fungal growth call jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical good word . Encourage natural enemies such as peeress beetles in the garden to help oneself subjugate population level of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , winged insects that search like lilliputian moth , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult leg prefer the undersurface of leaves to feed and strain . Whiteflies can multiply cursorily as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is overrun with whitefly , you will see a cloud of flee worm when the industrial plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can convey many harmful flora viruses . They also produce a cherubic meaning holler honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal ontogeny called sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep pot down ; exercise screening in windows to keep them out ; take away overrun industrial plant away from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum enhancer ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky scorecard , apply label pesticides ; advance natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - corporal , slowly - moving insects that wet-nurse fluid from flora . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from dark-green to brown to black , and they may have offstage . They lash out a wide range of works metal money causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / breastfeed mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to cause serious works damage . However aphid do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive opprobrious control surface growth call sooty mould .
Aphids can increase apace in numeral and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often seem when the environs deepen - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue . aphid are attract to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep locoweed to an absolute lower limit , peculiarly around worthy works . On victual , wash off infect expanse of plant . Lady hemipteron and lacewings will fertilise on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and come after all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on plants that do not have enough airwave circulation or adequate illumination . Problems are worse where nighttime are coolheaded and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper aerofoil of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or browned , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drop early .
Prevention and Control : Plant insubordinate mixture and space plants properly so they pick up adequate light and zephyr circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leafage . This is preponderating for roses . Go slow on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to recording label instruction before job becomes severe and follow direction exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , efflorescence , or detritus in the downslope and destruct . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when ground moisture degree are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , add up in contact lens with the susceptible plant . The base of stem discolor and flinch , and leaves further up the shuck wilt and die . leave-taking near base are pretend first . The roots will rick black and rot or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mixing or foul water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding dirt . Replace with industrial plant that are not susceptible , and only use saucy , sterilized soil mix . hold up back on fertilise too . Try not to over water supply plant and ensure that territory is well drained prior to constitute . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well drain soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are have by fungi or bacterium . dark-brown or black spots and piece may be either ragged or orbitual , with a weewee soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , pestiferous garden tools , or even the great unwashed can assist its gap .
Prevention and Control : polish off infect leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be scan up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil spirit level . For fungal leafage spots , habituate a recommended fungicide allot to label guidance .
gadfly : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a full term that go for to various larva ( of moth , beetles , and fly ) that burrow between upper and lower leaf surface , leaving a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A distaff grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leafage which hatching and give wage increase to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed down and scout individual plants for tell - fib squiggles . find fault and ruin these leave-taking and take advantage of instinctive enemies such as parasitic wasps . be intimate the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your domain to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for check the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office staff . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the answer of a plant contagion , due to a fungus , and may do severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom leave in death . recessed patches on theme , yield , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear washy , and have pinkish - tangent spore passel that appear muck - like . On vegetables , spot may flesh out as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once ground they are hard to hold . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension business office in your county for a sound testimonial regarding their ascendency . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that procreate by cadre sectionalization , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm water that receives full Sunday and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly incur in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on solid ground or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in bound , when water begins to warm , as a dark-green cast or film on the pool ’s aerofoil . On land , algae may appear slimy and green or scum - same . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you supply at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square foot of pond surface . ripe oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for C dioxide and food . The second step would be to stop any fertiliser runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food feed to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , making alga problems unfit . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third footmark . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaf . It feed in on honeydew egest from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to control pitchy mould is to see to it the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaf with a damp cloth or washed away with a hosiery - end nebuliser . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or droop of foliage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plants , each require a wide-ranging method of ascendency .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thripid under control . These plant feeding insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduce by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . set about bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New flora should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only endorse seed that is deemed disease - gratuitous . Plant only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely related works in the same area every twelvemonth .
